Periodontology
Periodontitis is a disease of the periodontal tissues and is characterized by intense inflammation (bleeding of the gums), which extends to the underlying bone and destroys it. The destruction of the support of the tooth results in the mobility of the teeth, which increases depending on the severity of the disease with the final outcome being the loss of the tooth. Its incidence is very high in people over 45 years of age.
Importantly, the infection in the area spreads and affects the overall health of the body. So periodontal disease is associated with:
- heart disease
- diabetes-strokes
- respiratory diseases
- osteoporosis
The symptoms that accompany periodontal disease are: - Bleeding gums on brushing or on their own
- Red, swollen, sensitive gums
- Tooth mobility
- Tooth movement
- Persistent odour
- Pion between the tooth and the gums
Factors that mean to cause periodontitis:
- Ineffective removal of dental plaque from the teeth
- Smoking
- Uncontrolled diabetes
- Heredity
- Diseases that reduce the body’s defences
- Systemic diseases, hormonal disorders
- Stress
- Traumatic occlusion
- Poor oral hygiene
- Taking medicines
Treatment
Non-surgical-conservative
This includes:
(a) Radical derogation and scraping: It is the removal of the plate and stone from the surface of the tooth root throughout the depth of the follicle and the grinding of the dental root to remove bacterial toxins. It is done with local anesthesia.
(b) Supplementary treatment with local or systemic administration of antibiotics, as well as modification of patient habits. In most cases conservative treatment is sufficient and the patient does not need anything further. Regular monitoring of the patient is essential in order to control the stability of the result and removing any new-labeled plaque. The frequency of recall is estimated on a case-by-case basis and ranges from 3-6 months.
Surgical treatment: Surgical treatment always follows the conservative. It is made (locally the gums are opened with microsurgical interventions) the tissues are settled and then stapled. The advantages are: the regeneration of lost periodontal tissues, the reduction of periodontal pockets, easier access to the surface of the root of the tooth with tartar deposition and the more expensive fixing of the prognosis. Finally, the disadvantage of this treatment is that teeth sensitivities are presented in cold and hot after surgery, to healing.